In this detailed historical analysis, Robert Rabil explores how Lebanon’s Maronite community transitioned from opposing Syrian dominance to being labeled as traitorous following the Taif Accord and shifting political pressures. He tracks how internal divisions, elite pragmatism, and competing visions of sovereignty fragmented the community’s nationalist identity. As Syria entrenched its power post–civil war, Maronite leaders faced accusations of both collaboration and betrayal—undermining their political standing. Rabil’s essay illuminates the complex interplay between sectarian loyalty and shifting ideology in Lebanon’s postwar governance.