In this detailed presentation, Professor Robert G. Rabil traces the ideological roots of Salafism, a puritanical Islamic movement that seeks to return to the beliefs and practices of the Prophet Muhammad and his earliest companions. The presentation explains the theological pillars of Salafi doctrine—especially its understanding of Tawhid—and its rejection of religious innovation and allegorical interpretation. Rabil also distinguishes the key subcurrents within Salafism: Quietists, Harakis (activists), and Salafi-Jihadis, and examines their ties to Saudi institutions and global militant groups. The result is a clear, concise primer on how Salafi theology has shaped regional politics and militant movements across the Muslim world.