In this compelling analysis, Robert Rabil argues that Lebanon’s confessional political system and weak national identity have turned the country into a “lightning rod” for competing movements—from Syrian nationalists to sectarian Islamists. He chronicles how historical compromises and economic collapse have weakened state institutions and allowed Hezbollah and corrupt elites to dominate. Rabil underscores the urgent need for external support and internal reform if Lebanon is to reclaim its sovereignty and cultural legacy.